Combustion engine



April 13, 1937. E. DAIBER CoMBUsTIoN ENGINE Griginal Filed June 20, 1932 Inventor: Efrwst. Der,

x9 Attorn eg.

jatented pr. 1.3, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE COMBUSTIGN ENGINE Ernst Daiber, Berlin-Lichterfelde-West, Germany, assignor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York June 26, 1931 3 Claims.

-The present invention relates to combustion engines and more particularly to cylinder heads or covers for internal combustion engines, and the like, of the kind in which the inner and 5 outer walls are made of a single cast structure of suitable material suc-h as steel. The present application is -a division of my application Serial No. 618,373, led June 20, 1932, and assigned to the assignee of the present application.

10 One object of the invention is to provide a structure in which heat and casting stresses are substantially eliminated. Another object of the invention is to provide the structure with improved cooling means. A further object is to 15 provide a structure which permits the ow of scavenging air to the cylinders with the least drop in pressure.

For a better understanding of my invention, together with other and further objects thereof, reference is had to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, and its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims.

ln the drawing, Fig. 1 illustrates a vertical sectional View of a cylinder head for a four-stroke Diesel engine embodying my invention, Fig. 2 is a horivontal cross sectional view taken along the lines AA in Fig. l, and Fig. 3 is a horizontal cross sectional view taken along lines BB of Fig. 1. 30 Referring to the drawing, in greater detail,

5 represents the body or outer wall of the cylinder head, and 6 the inner walls, which define passages l for valve structures. The inner and outer walls of the structure are cast together by a top plate B and an intermediate plate 9. The lower end of this structure is closed by a separate plate I of suitable thin material such as forged iron, for example, having openings II therein, which register with the passages l for the valve structures.

According to my invention, I provide the base plate or closing member I0 with a raised edge or annular projection I2 fitting into a recess o1' groove I3 on the lower face of the body. Leakage is prevented by soldering, welding or brazing the edge of the plate to the adjacent portion of the body as indicated at I4. The lower edge I of the base plate I0 is separated from the cylinder wall I6 by a packing ring I'I for pre- 50 venting leakage between these parts. Bushings I8 are fastened to the base plate and inner walls and provide seats for valve structures to be inserted through the openings I9 and 20, and prevent leakage of Huid along the inner walls of 55 the cylinder head. The intermediate plate or (Cl. 12S-173) partition 9, above-mentioned, deiines with the adjacent inner and outer walls and with the base plate I0, a cooling chamber 2l. In this chamber, ribs 22 are provided for deiining a channel in the chamber through which any suitable cooling rnedium is passed. The ribs 22 are arranged to form any suitable shape of charnber. In the illustrated form, the chamber is spiral, and furthermore, is preferably made of a varying cross section. The varying cross section changes the velocity of the cooling medium, increasing such velocity at points where the cross section of the chamber is decreased, thereby effecting a better or increased cooling at such points. The varying cross section of the spiral channel in the described cylinder head is illustrated in Fig. 3, wherein the channel is considerably decreased at points 23 and 24 between the walls 5 and 6. The speed of the cooling fluid at these points is greatly increased, whereby the increased cooling effect on the Valve structures is obtained.

The cooling medium enters the cylinder head at port 25, in Fig. 3, and circulates through the spiral channel, above described, and then rises through a port 26 in the partition 9 into a cooling jacket formed by the outer wall 5, inner wall 5 which extends to the top plate 8 at this valve passage and a wall 21, as illustrated in Fig. 2. This cooling jacket is formed about the valve passage 'I into which the outlet Valve structure is placed. In this jacket, the cooling medium rises and leaves the cylinder head through an opening 28 in the top plate 8. Compared with the totalheight of the cylinder head, I prefer to make the cooling chamber low to cause a greater velocity of the circulating cooling medium. In the present example, the height of the cooling chamber is in the order of one-third that of the head. By this circulation of cooling fluid, the lower part of the cylinder head and the valve structure in passage 'I is sufficiently cooled.

The plate 8, as stated above, closes the upper end of the cylinder head and thereby forms an air chamber on the right hand side of the cylinder head as illustrated in Fig. 1. This chamber is bounded by the outer wall 5, top plate 8, intermediate plate 9, and the wall 21. Air under pressure is supplied to this chamber and therefore enters the cylinder with the least possible loss of pressure. The air supplied to the cylinder may enter this chamber either through the openings in the top plate which register with the valve passages or it may enter through an opening 20 in the Wall 5. A similar opening 3B in the wall 5 opens into the other Valve chamber through a conduit'r formed by the plate 9 and a surrounding wall 3|. Reinforcing ribs 32 and 33 in the air chamber strengthen this upper part of the structure.

What I claim as new and desire'to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In a cylinder head for internal combustion engines comprising an outer Wall and inner walls y gines comprising a body and inner walls deiining passages for valve structures and being cast together with the body, a base plate fastened to the body, a partition provided near the base plate for dening with the latter and the adjacent walls a cooling chamber, a jacket defining with one of the Walls above the partition a cooling space communicating with the chamber, and a top plate for the head having an opening for discharging cooling medium from the space and dening with the body and a part of the jacket a chamber forcontaining fresh air.

3. In a cylinderrrhead for internal combustion engines, an integrally cast structure dei-ming the body for the head and passages for valve means, a separate base plate fastened to the structure, a partition for defining a cooling chamber near the base plate, and a top plate for defining a chamber for containing fresh air.

ERNST DAIBER. 

